2 History of laws against sexual assault during war.

1 Definition of wartime sexual violence.

However, these legal instruments have so far only been used for international conflicts, thus putting the burden of proof in citing the international nature of conflict in order for prosecution to proceed. International legal instruments for prosecuting perpetrators for genocide were developed in the 1990s, with the Akayesu case of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda being widely considered as a precedent. Rape can also be recognized as genocide when committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a targeted group. Wartime sexual violence may occur in a variety of situations, including institutionalized sexual slavery, wartime sexual violence associated with specific battles or massacres, and individual or isolated acts of sexual violence. ĭuring war and armed conflict, rape is frequently used as a means of psychological warfare in order to humiliate the enemy. It is distinguished from sexual harassment, sexual assaults, and rape committed amongst troops in military service. Wartime sexual violence may also include gang rape and rape with objects. Wartime sexual violence is rape or other forms of sexual violence committed by combatants during armed conflict, war, or military occupation often as spoils of war but sometimes, particularly in ethnic conflict, the phenomenon has broader sociological motives. Monument to the Condottiero Giovanni dalle Bande Nere depicting a man kidnapping a woman.

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